Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari, who was arrested on January 2, 2026 in Tehran, has been sentenced to death under conditions where the charge title leading to the death ruling, the issuing branch of the verdict, and the documents cited by the court have not been announced
Iran Human Rights Society, Wednesday, August 26, 2026 – Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari, a 22-year-old citizen and one of the detainees of the 2025/2026 nationwide protests, has been sentenced to death according to information received from the judiciary. He is being held in Ghezel Hesar Prison in Karaj.
Details regarding the date of issuance of the verdict, the court branch, the case documents, the possibility of appeal, and the legal title of the charge that led to the death penalty have not yet been published. This ambiguity, given the irreversible nature of the death penalty, creates serious concerns about the process of handling the case.
Arrest of Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari in the 2025/2026 Nationwide Protests
Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari was arrested by security forces on January 2, 2026, coinciding with nationwide protests in Tehran. Following his arrest, he was transferred to Ghezel Hesar Prison and was held in a state of uncertainty for a period without a verdict being issued.
According to the latest information, Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari is currently imprisoned in Hall 35, Unit Three, known as the “Tarbiyat Ward” of Ghezel Hesar Prison. Regarding his detention conditions, possibility of contact with family, access to a lawyer of choice, or the number of his court sessions, no clear information is available.
He is the son of Mohammad-Reza and, prior to this arrest, had no record of judicial conviction.
Charges Raised Against Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari
In the Public and Revolutionary Prosecutor’s Office of District 33 of Tehran, known as the Shahid Moghaddas Security Prosecutor’s Office, several charges were communicated to Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari. These charges consist of:
- “Assembly and collusion with the intent to commit a crime against the country’s security”;
- “Disrupting public order and peace through participation in riots”;
- “Attempted intentional murder through attempting to run over officers”;
- “Rebellion against officers”.
Nevertheless, none of the published information explains which charge or legal article formed the basis for issuing the death sentence. Likewise, it is not clear on what evidence the claim of attempting to run over officers was raised, whether anyone was injured, and whether video, independent witness, or expert report was presented in court.
Information Box | Case File
- Name: Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari
- Age: 22 years
- Father’s Name: Mohammad-Reza
- Date of Arrest: January 2, 2026
- Place of Arrest: Tehran
- Place of Detention: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
- Detention Section: Hall 35, Unit Three, Tarbiyat Ward
- Conviction Record: None
- New Status: Issuance of death sentence based on received information
- Main Ambiguity: Unannounced charge and documents leading to the death penalty
Legal Review of Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari’s Case Based on Domestic Laws
The laws of the dictatorship ruling Iran in past years have been criticized repeatedly due to conflict with standards of fair trial, ambiguity in handling security cases, and restricting defendants’ rights. Reviewing the case of Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari based on domestic laws does not mean confirmation of these laws; the goal is to show instances where even these same laws have not been observed by the judiciary.
Legal Ambiguities of the Case
The most important ambiguity is the unclear legal basis for the death sentence. The announced charges include security crimes, disruption of order, rebellion, and attempted intentional murder; but it is not specified which of these items, with what reasoning, led to the death penalty.
Also, regarding Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari’s access to a lawyer of choice, opportunity to study the case file, possibility of presenting a defense, manner of proving the claim of action against officers, and capability to appeal the ruling, no information has been published.
Related Legal Articles
- Article 32 of the Constitution: Subjecting arrest to compliance with legal criteria and immediate notification of charges.
- Article 35 of the Constitution: Recognizes the right to have a lawyer.
- Article 36 of the Constitution: Subjecting the issuance and execution of punishment to the verdict of a competent court.
- Article 37 of the Constitution: Emphasizes the presumption of innocence.
- Article 38 of the Constitution: Prohibits torture and forced confession.
- Article 190 of the Code of Criminal Procedure: Guarantees the right to a lawyer’s presence in preliminary investigations.
- Regulations regarding attempted crime: Differentiates between full occurrence of a crime and actions that did not achieve a result, and makes the determination of punishment dependent on the conditions and documents of the case file.
Cases of Law Violation
- Failure to announce the exact charge leading to the death sentence;
- Lack of transparency regarding the issuing branch and documents of the verdict;
- Ambiguity regarding access to a lawyer of choice;
- Unclear manner of proving the claim of attempting to run over officers;
- Prolonged detention prior to final determination;
- Issuance of an irreversible punishment in a case accompanied by serious ambiguities.
Reviewing the Case from the Perspective of Human Rights and Violation of International Standards
From the perspective of human rights, protection of the right to life, prohibition of arbitrary detention, possession of a lawyer, observance of the presumption of innocence, and guarantee of a fair trial are among fundamental principles of international law. Published information regarding the status of Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari and the issuance of a death sentence for him has created serious concerns regarding the observance of these rights.
Human Rights Ambiguities of the Case
Announcing a death sentence without publishing the charge title leading to death, court documents, and quality of defendant’s access to a lawyer eliminates the possibility of evaluating the fairness of the judicial process.
In cases leading to execution, the defendant must enjoy sufficient opportunity for defense, full access to a lawyer and case file documents, and the possibility of effective appeal. Any defect in these guarantees can lead to arbitrary deprivation of the right to life.
Amir-Mohammad Mojallal Choubari’s young age, lack of criminal record, and his arrest during protests increase the necessity of a more precise and independent review of the case.
Related International Documents
- Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Right to life, liberty, and security of person.
- Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Prohibition of arbitrary arrest.
- Articles 10 and 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Right to a fair trial and observance of the presumption of innocence.
- Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Protection of the right to life.
- Article 9 of the Covenant: Right to liberty, security of person, and appeal against detention.
- Article 14 of the Covenant: Right to enjoy a fair trial and necessary guarantees for defense.
- Nelson Mandela Rules: Necessity of preserving prisoner dignity and their access to family and legal representatives.
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